Your company officially acquires legal personality — meaning it can enter contracts, own assets, and sue or be sued as a separate legal entity — upon registration with the Commercial Register (Article 9). Until that registration is complete, your company exists only in an 'incorporation period' with limited legal standing.
During the incorporation period, the company does have a restricted form of legal personality sufficient to carry out acts necessary to complete the incorporation process itself. However, you should avoid entering into major commercial contracts or obligations on behalf of the company until full Commercial Register registration is confirmed, as legal protections are limited at that stage.
Once registered, the company can also begin conducting its business operations, provided it has obtained any required licenses from the relevant government authorities for its specific activity (Article 10). As a practical tip, keep copies of your Commercial Register certificate accessible at all times, as it will be required for opening bank accounts, signing leases, and applying for business licenses.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a lawyer licensed in Saudi Arabia.